Summary: The MIM is an endoscopic capsule equipped with one internal electromagnetic motor that could rotate two permanent magnet (placed inside the body), a real-time wired vision module, a battery  and an electronic circuit. This device (MIM) works with an external  static magnetic field for both gross position and stabilization. The internal battery provide energy for the wireless motor controlling of the internal magnet in order to allow a fine position control. The  external magnet is manually controlled by the medical operator and the magnetic act action force between the external and the internal magnet is enough to lift the capsule against the gravity. The internal orientating mechanism of the M.I.M consists of a motor connected to a worm gear , when the worms-crew rotates, it transmits the motion to a toothed gear .The internal magnet are fixed to the toothed gear and rotate when the motor is activated. When the system is placed in an external magnetic field the magnet tend to remain a precise alignment with respect to the to the external magnet.

Summary: The proposed platform aims to establish a robotic bimanual system for endoluminal interventions inside hollow and inflatable organs of the human body. Independently on the target organ where the system will operate, the platform should comprise the following components: 1. a multifunctional gastro-esophageal insertion port; 2. a flexible and externally steerable introducer that passes through the gastro-esophageal insertion port; 3. a sealing element; 4. a set of deployable robotic cameras; 5. a set of deployable surgical robots - minimum of 2 at any one time in order to enable bi-manual robotic operation.

Summary: The present invention refers to a surgical manipulator means comprising an intracorporeal unit being completely arrangeable within a body cavity and comprising a coupling member and an effector means, an extracorporeal unit comprising a manipulating means to manipulate at least the effector means, and a connecting unit for connecting the intracorporeal unit to the extracorporeal unit when the intracorporeal unit is arranged within the body cavity and for transferring manipulating activities from said extracorporeal unit to the intracorporeal unit. The connecting unit comprises at least two separate shafts spaced apart form each other in substantially parallel manner, said at least two shafts are adapted to being partly introduced into the body cavity through individual punctures in the body wall, respectively. Alternatively, the surgical manipulator means comprises a conveying means for conveying said intracorporeal unit into the body cavity separately from the connecting unit and a guiding means for bringing said intracorporeal unit together with said connecting unit within the body cavity.

Summary: According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for the non-invasive measurement of parameters relating to a biological tissue comprising: a plurality of light sources, each operable to emit light with different bandwidths; at least one light detector for detecting light transmitted or backscattered by the tissue as a result of the illumination by the sources, and means for applying modulation functions to the light emitted to implement code division multiplexing, wherein the functions are selected so that there is substantially no cross correlation between them. By using code division multiplexing cross talk between the sources can be avoided, thereby improving signal resolution and the overall sensitivity of the device. The system may include means for determining the contribution of each of the sources to the signal detected by the detector. The modulation means may use Hadamard or reduced-Hadamard (Simplex) code sequences. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for the non-invasive measurement of biological tissue parameters comprising: one or more light sources, each operable to emit light with different bandwidths; and at least one light detector for detecting light transmitted or backscattered by the tissue as a result of the illumination by the sources, wherein the sources have broad wavelength bandwidths, in the range 10-140nm, preferably 20-100nm.

Summary: Backscattering and transmission measurement sensors for biological tissue require optical sources and detectors. In order to simplify the construction of such sensors, the sources and/or the detectors can be assembled directly on the sensing element, thus allowing single devices of order of a few mm2 or smaller to be made.  Such devices require no further assembly of optical components and are easier to integrate into a surgical instrument than systems composed of separate parts, such as individual sources, detectors and optical fibres. According to the present invention, there is provided a device for non-invasive measurement of biological parameters that uses sub-wavelength features to allow the spectral response of the device to be defined by geometry alone.